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A retrospective analysis of therapy for acute graft-versus-host disease:
secondary treatment
PJ Martin, G Schoch, L Fisher, V Byers, FR Appelbaum, GB McDonald, R Storb and JA Hansen
Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
Seattle, WA 98104.
We have reviewed results of secondary therapy in 427 patients with acute
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) who did not have a durable satisfactory
response after primary treatment. At the beginning of secondary treatment,
320 patients (75%) had rash, 252 (59%) had liver dysfunction, and 228 (53%)
had gut dysfunction. Secondary treatment was with glucocorticoids (n =
249), cyclosporine (n = 80), antithymocyte globulin (n = 114), or
monoclonal antibody (n = 19) either singly (n = 390) or in combination (n =
37). Parameters of GVHD severity were recorded weekly, and responses were
determined according to values at the initiation of tertiary treatment or,
for patients without such treatment, using values on day 29 of secondary
treatment or the last recorded values before death, whichever occurred
first. Minimal criteria for improvement or deterioration were defined for
each organ, but no attempt was made to define liver or gut outcome if
another complication such as venocclusive disease or infectious enteritis
was present. Improvement or resolution of GVHD in the respective organ was
seen in 45% of patients with skin disease, 25% of patients with evaluable
liver disease, and in 35% of patients with evaluable gut disease. Overall
complete or partial responses were seen in 40% of patients. The highest
complete response rate with secondary therapy (23%) was seen when GVHD
recurred during the taper phase of primary glucocorticoid treatment and was
managed by increasing the dose of glucocorticoids. Multivariate analyses
were performed to identify patient, disease, or treatment factors
associated with likelihood of complete response or overall improvement. A
similar analysis was performed to identify covariates associated with time
to treatment failure (defined as initiation of tertiary therapy or death
not due to relapse of malignancy). Severe dysfunction in the skin, liver,
and gut at the beginning of treatment was associated both with a decreased
likelihood of complete response and an increased treatment failure rate.
The times to treatment failure and the proportions of patients in various
response categories were similar for primary and secondary treatment,
suggesting that the potential efficacy of new immunosuppressive agents for
treatment of acute GVHD can be assessed meaningfully in patients who have
not responded adequately to initial therapy.
Volume 77,
Issue 8,
pp. 1821-1828,
04/15/1991
Copyright © 1991 by The American Society of Hematology

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