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Theta, zeta, and epsilon globin messenger RNAs are expressed in adults
M Albitar, C Peschle and SA Liebhaber
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, PA.
The theta globin gene is the most recently discovered member of the alpha
globin gene family. Its pattern of expression during development is not
fully defined, and its encoded protein has not yet been detected in vivo.
The detection of theta globin messenger RNA (mRNA) in embryonic and fetal
erythroid tissue but not in adults has suggested that theta is an embryonic
globin gene. The present study further defines the pattern of theta globin
gene expression. We use a modification of the highly sensitive polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) technique to assess the levels of theta globin gene
expression during development. We confirm the presence of the theta globin
mRNA in embryonic and fetal erythroid tissue, and, in addition, we find
theta mRNA in the peripheral reticulocytes of normal adults. Furthermore,
using the same analytic approach, we detect low but significant levels of
the embryonic zeta and epsilon mRNAs in reticulocytes of normal adults.
Both zeta and theta gene expression appears erythroid specific in that
neither mRNA species is detected in RNA isolated from brain tissue,
peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or three nonerythroid cell lines
(B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, and hepatoma cell lines). The relative levels
of zeta and theta gene expression were assayed during development by a
coamplification technique. The results demonstrate the expected
developmental regulation of zeta globin mRNA. In contrast, the level of
theta globin mRNA fails to demonstrate the significant changes of the
magnitude seen in other globin genes and remains low in embryonic, fetal,
and adult life. The lack of zeta and epsilon globin proteins in normal
adults using highly sensitive immunologic techniques, as reported by
others, stands in contrast to these mRNA results and suggests a gap between
mRNA and protein expression.
Volume 74,
Issue 2,
pp. 629-637,
08/01/1989
Copyright © 1989 by The American Society of Hematology
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