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Blood, Vol. 109, Issue 8, 3505-3508, April 15, 2007

Chemotherapy exposure increases leukemia cell stiffness
Blood Lam et al.
109: 3505
Supplemental materials for: Lam et al, Vol 109, Issue 8, 3505-3508
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Document 1. Supplemental methods and materials (PDF, 31.1 KB)
- Table S1. Demographic and diagnostic data of patient samples (PDF, 21.5 KB) -
Measurements on samples 1 to 6 and samples 7 to 11 are represented in panel D and panel E, respectively. Of note, 2 samples (nos. 10 and 11) comprised primary leukemia cells from the UCSF Hematopoietic Tissue Cell Bank that were thawed from cryostorage, a process that may alter cellular properties. However, control experiments with HL60, Jurkat, and primary pre-B–ALL cells showed no significant difference in stiffness before and after cryopreservation (P = .43, P = .37, and P = .28 for HL60, Jurkat, and pre-B–ALL cells, respectively).
- Figure S1. Cell size changes with cell death (JPEG, 127 KB)
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(A) As the stiffness of a single HL60 cell (red circles) increases with exposure to 1 µM daunorubicin, the average cell area of the cell population (green triangles, n = 8-38 cells/field of view) remains constant until cell death (transition from open to solid shapes). Time is also normalized to the point of cell death (gray line). (B) At the point of cell death, both HL60 (red triangles) and Jurkat (green circles) cell lines show a rapid decrease in cell volume. Jurkat cells lose on average 12% of their volume and HL60 cells lose 26% of their volume within 10 minutes (n = 10 and n = 7, respectively). Error bars are standard error.

- Video S1. Chemotherapy-exposed pre-B–ALL cells in microfluidic channels (MOV, 2.84 MB)
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Movie taken in real time using dual brightfield/epifluorescence microscopy. Pre-B–ALL cells exposed to 4 hours of 1 µM dexamethasone were passed through PDMS microfluidic channels modeling a branching microvasculature network. Dead (PI+) cells were more likely than live (unstained) cells to initiate obstruction and cause cell aggregation in the 5-µm wide by 12-µm tall, capillary-sized channels. Scale bar is 100 µm.
REFERENCES
1. Hertz H. Über die Berühung fester elastischer Körper. J Reine Angew Mathematik. 1882;92:156-171. 2. Radmacher M, Fritz M, Kacher CM, Cleveland JP, Hansma PK. Measuring the viscoelastic properties of human platelets with the atomic force microscope. Biophys J. 1996;70:556-567. 3. Radmacher M. Measuring the elastic properties of living cells by the atomic force microscope. Meth Cell Biol. 2002;68:67-90. 4. Wojcikiewicz EP, Zhang X, Moy VT. Force and compliance measurements on living cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biol Proced Online. 2004;6:1-9. 5. Rosenbluth MJ, Lam WA, Fletcher DA. Force microscopy of nonadherent cells: a comparison of leukemia cell deformability. Biophys J. 2006;90:2994-3003. 6. Lang F, Ritter M, Gamper N, et al. Cell volume in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2000;10:417-428. 7. Hessler JA, Budor A, Putchakayala K, et al. Atomic force microscopy study of early morphological changes during apoptosis. Langmuir. 2005;21:9280-9286.
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