Submitted August 22, 2008
Accepted October 27, 2008
Increased expression of urokinase plasminogen activator in Quebec platelet disorder is linked to megakaryocyte differentiation
D. Kika Veljkovic, Georges E. Rivard, Maria Diamandis, Jessica Blavignac, Elisabeth M. Cramer-Borde, and Catherine P. M. Hayward*
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Faculte de medecine Paris-Ile de France-Ouest, Universite de Versailles-St Quentin, Departement d'Hematologie, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
* Corresponding author; email: haywrdc{at}mcmaster.ca.
Quebec platelet disorder (QPD) is an inherited bleeding disorder associated with increased urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in platelets but not in plasma, intraplatelet plasmin generation and 
-granule protein degradation. These abnormalities led us to investigate uPA expression by QPD CD34+ progenitors, cultured megakaryocytes and platelets, and if uPA was stored in QPD -granules. Although QPD CD34+ progenitors expressed normal amounts of uPA, their differentiation into megakaryocytes abnormally increased expression of the uPA gene but not the flanking genes for vinculin or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
on chromosome 10. The increased uPA production by cultured QPD megakaryocytes mirrored their production of -granule proteins, which was normal. uPA was localized to QPD -granules and it showed extensive colocalization with -granule proteins in both cultured QPD megakaryocytes and platelets, and with plasminogen in QPD platelets. In QPD megakaryocytes, cultured without or with plasma as a source of plasminogen, -granule proteins were stored undegraded and this was associated with much less uPA-plasminogen colocalization than in QPD platelets. Our studies indicate that the overexpression of uPA in QPD emerges with megakaryocyte differentiation, without altering the expression of flanking genes, and that uPA is costored with -granule proteins prior to their proteolysis in QPD.
