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Blood, Vol. 95 No. 6 (March 15), 2000:
pp. 2031-2036
The opioid antagonist naloxone induces a shift from Type 2 to Type
1 cytokine pattern in BALB/cJ mice
Paola Sacerdote,
Barbara Manfredi,
Leda Gaspani, and
Alberto E. Panerai
From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Milano, Milan,
Italy.
Opioid peptides affect different immune functions. We present
evidence that these effects could be mediated by the modulation of
TH1/TH2 cytokine production. BALB/cJ mice were
immunized with 50 or 100 µg of the protein antigen keyhole-limpet
hemocyanin (KLH), and treated acutely or chronically with the opioid
antagonist naloxone. One and 2 weeks after immunization, the production
of cytokines by splenocytes was evaluated by in vitro restimulation with KLH. The acute and chronic treatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-4 by
splenocytes of BALB/cJ mice. In contrast, IL-2 and interferon- levels increased after naloxone treatment. Finally, the opioid antagonist diminished the serum immunoglobulin G anti-KLH antibody titers. These results suggest that naloxone increases TH1
and decreases TH2 cytokine production. The effect of
naloxone could be ascribed to the removal of the regulatory effects
exerted by endogenous opioid peptides, which could therefore activate
TH2 and suppress TH1 cytokines.
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